- so maithili divas ,i.e.,janaki navmi (ninth day of the light fortnight of vaisakh) is birth tithi of sita, who spoke manushi language. kartik dhaval trayodashi is death tithi of vidyapati who spoke 'desil bayna'. both desil bayna and manushi language is one and the same as is MAITHILI. so both the days is being seen as connected with maithili language. but maithili divas (janaki navmi ) is more concerned with mithila ( besides phalgun parikrama it may be also considered for MITHILA DIVAS) then maithili language.
every year on on vivah panchmi, fifth day of light fortnight of agrahan, when the marriage of ran and sita was undrtaken under the priestship of Shatanand, in janakpur ram and sitas marriage is undertaken on Marwa and all marriage songs from parichhan ,gosaun git , naina jogin etc. is sung by women as it was supposed to be sung in actual marriage of yugal sarkar (yugal=pair sarkar=lord i.e. ram and sita).
mithila-- the ancient land of maithils was videha and its capital was mithila, mithila was founded by mithi(bhavishya purana) but this puran do not give date/tithi of that foundation.
panini has some other thought- mithila is the nagari where enemies are crushed.
janak is derived from jana(vis).nimi founded vaijayanti(janakpur) and mithi the mithila.
janaki navmi is date of birth of janaki and falls exactly one month after ramnavmi date of birth of rama.ramnavmi falls on ninth day of light fortnight of chaitra. janaki navmi falls on ninth day of the light fortnight of vaisakh. maithili is name of janaki and maithili divas is another name of janaki navmi. however it is worth mentioning that then the language of sita was known as manushi bhasha, and when hanuman went to ashok vatika in lanka he thought that if he speaks in samskrit, sita will think that as ravana speaks samskrit, he is in veiled form of vanara, so he says that he knows manushimiha samskritam- that is, he knows sita's manushi language as well as samskrit, so he decided and talked in manushi.so mithila was earlier a city which later became country, so manushi bhasha of ma maithili came to be considered and called as maithili. in modern times also the name of a district e.g. madhubani is most often is in the name of district town, e.g. in this case madhubani town.
so mithila divas when mithila was founded by mithi(bhavishya purana) cannot be determined as this puran do not give date/tithi of that foundation.however we can take the question of ancient names of the land and the capital of which was mithila nagari.the ancient name of mithila are, videha, tirbhukti, tapobhumi, sambhavi, suvarnakanana, and mantili.
MITHILA DIVAS however considered on the following point. in vrihad vishnu purana their is mithila mahatmya. their three types of parikramas are mentioned.
vrihad parikrama- it is of whole of mithila. distance covered 268 km. to be covered in one year.starts from kaushiki, then to singheshvara asthan, then to simaria ghat, then to foot hills of himalaya to kaushiki and then ends at singheshvar astha,
madhyama parikrama- distance 40 KOS i.e 128 kms.to be covered in five days.but currently is done in 15 days.starts on ist day of light fortnight of phalgun and comes to end on full moon day.their are 15 halting places starts from hanumannagar then to kalyaneshvara,girija asthan, matihani, jaleshvara,manai,dhruva kund, kanchan van, parvata, dhanukha, satokhari, harusaha, karuna, bisaul and ends at janakpur on chaturdasi. on poornima they are joined by those doing antargrih parikrama of 8 km. also.in this parikrama heir is no caste bar and even menstruating women are allowed to join this egalitarian function.
the parikramas can be done in kartik, phalgun and vaisakh. however the phalgun parikrama is most popular. so phalgun poornima parikrama day may be considered as mithila divas.
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